International Journal of Business, Law, and Education

CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR FORGERY OF MENINGITIS VACCINE QUARANTINE DOCUMENTS FOR UMRAH-HAJJ TRAVELERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CRIMINAL CODE AND HEALTH LAW

J. Sembiring

The Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages are spiritual obligations for Muslims that require not only physical and financial readiness, but also compliance with legal regulations, including international health aspects. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of strict regulations, including vaccination requirements and quarantine documents for pilgrims. The issuance of health quarantine documents is not immune to criminal acts involving the forgery of such documents to facilitate the departure process, whether physically or electronically. The forgery of quarantine documents has serious implications under Indonesian criminal law, particularly regarding public health protection. This paper aims to analyze the forms of criminal liability for perpetrators of quarantine document forgery in the context of Hajj and Umrah travel, as well as to examine future policies on criminal sanctions. The research method used is normative legal analysis with a legislative and conceptual approach, analyzed through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The research findings indicate that the forgery of quarantine documents constitutes a criminal offense regulated under Article 263 of the Criminal Code, Article 391 of the New Criminal Code, and Article 444 of the Health Law. Criminal punishment for perpetrators is not only repressive but also serves a preventive function to safeguard the collective safety of the international community. Criminal liability may be imposed on the principal perpetrator and accomplices, with an emphasis on the element of intent as a violation of the fundamental values of human rights in the field of health

The Influence of Consumer Animosity on Boycott Motivation Mediated by Consumer Ethnocentrism on KFC Products in Indonesia After Israel's Attack on Palestine

Kharisma

Israel's attack on Palestine triggered global solidarity in Indonesia in the form of a boycott of products associated with support for Israel, including KFC. This study aims to examine the influence of consumer animosity on boycott motivation with consumer ethnocentrism as a mediating variable. The quantitative approach was applied through an online survey of 200 KFC consumers who had awareness of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling analysis revealed that consumer animosity had a significant positive effect on consumer ethnocentrism and boycott motivation. Furthermore, consumer ethnocentrism also has a positive influence on boycott motivation and mediates the relationship between consumer animosity and boycott motivation. These results confirm the role of political emotions and local pride in motivating consumer boycott behavior.

Suspension of Detention for Children Acting in Self-Defense as a Form of Special Protection in the Juvenile Justice System

Nurul Inayah Siagian

Detention of children in the context of self-defense (noodweer) remains unregulated explicitly in Indonesia's juvenile criminal justice system. Although Article 49 of the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) recognizes self-defense as a justifying or excusing ground, children may still be subjected to detention under general procedural provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). This creates legal uncertainty and increases the risk of disproportionate treatment. This study employs a normative juridical method with a comparative approach, analyzing the German legal system, which limits juvenile detention and emphasizes psychological, educational, and proportionality considerations. The findings show an urgent need for Indonesia to formulate specific legal norms on the suspension of detention for children who commit acts of self-defense. Such reform is crucial to uphold children's rights, prevent criminalization, and support restorative justice principles and humane treatment in the juvenile justice process.

Strengthening the Creativity of Junior High School Teachers Through the Integration of Immersive Virtual Spaces in Interactive Learning

Rahmatiah Rahmatiah — 2023-11-04

This community service initiative was designed with three primary objectives: (1) to enhance the creativity and teaching competencies of teachers and educational staff at SMP PGRI 12 Jakarta; (2) to improve teaching performance through the utilization of immersive virtual space technologies; and (3) to expand the pedagogical insights of educators by integrating immersive virtual environments into the learning process. The program was implemented in three distinct phases: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. A total of 30 participants engaged in the program, demonstrating high levels of enthusiasm and active participation. Preliminary assessments and discussions with the partner institution revealed several challenges, primarily related to the suboptimal use of digital technologies in classroom settings. Although educators had adopted basic tools such as Zoom, Google Meet, and Google Classroom, the transition to more advanced digital platforms required by Industry 5.0 remains inadequate. Many teachers appeared unprepared for the rapidly evolving technological landscape. As a response, this initiative introduced immersive virtual space technologies—particularly through metaverse-based learning platforms—as innovative tools to support and enhance interactive learning. The training facilitated a shift in perception among the teachers, who began to recognize the importance and potential of immersive technology in future education. The program successfully demonstrated that metaverse integration can significantly contribute to creative, effective, and engaging pedagogical practices.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) Program in Enhancing Students' Job Readiness

Rahmatiah Rahmatiah — 2025-08-04

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program in enhancing the job readiness of graduates from the Faculty of Education, State University of Jakarta (FIP UNJ). Employing a quantitative research approach, the study utilized a survey method with data collected through a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The instrument, developed using a Likert scale, was administered to a sample of 323 FIP UNJ students selected through proportional random sampling to ensure representativeness based on the population's structure. The findings indicate that students perceive the MBKM program positively. It is seen as instrumental in strengthening experiential learning, enhancing both hard and soft skills, and preparing them for the professional world. The program has significantly contributed to aligning higher education outcomes with labor market demands, thereby improving the overall quality of graduates. Furthermore, MBKM has played a vital role in nurturing students' intellectual and personal development. Despite its benefits, the program faces challenges in implementation, particularly in terms of limited socialization and insufficient collaboration with industry partners. These barriers can be addressed through enhanced outreach, stronger institutional partnerships, ongoing monitoring and evaluation, and improved resource allocation to support effective program delivery.

Systematic Literature Review

Muhammad Vicky Zulfikar — 2025-08-04

This research aims to identify the implementation of artificial intelligence and in the field of management based on published research articles. Additionally, this study aims to explore gaps in knowledge to contribute to future academic studies. A systematic literature review (SLR) method was employed to analyse various articles published in academic journals indexed in Scopus from 2018 to 2023. Articles were screened using predefined keywords obtained from top-ranked journals. The SLR method was used to review the topics/themes, findings, methodologies, recommendations, and limitations of the published articles. The analysis results provide evidence that the implementation of artificial intelligence and in management enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of management. It is important to encourage the adoption of this technology to unlock its significant potential, while also considering the ethical aspects of its implementation. This research is expected to be beneficial and contribute to future research development by providing insights and identifying research gaps in the implementation of artificial intelligence and in management

LITERATURE STUDY: THE ROLE OF PANCASILA EDUCATION IN THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN STUDENTS IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

Alfian Fawaidil Wafa

This study examines the role of Pancasila education in shaping students' national identity in the era of globalization. This research is motivated by the significant influence of globalization on various aspects of life, especially culture and national identity. Globalization brings cultural shifts triggered by foreign cultures entering through the flow of global information. Pancasila education is crucial for strengthening the understanding and practice of the noble values of the Indonesian nation. This study aims to analyze the role of Pancasila education in strengthening national identity, especially among students as the nation's next generation. This study uses a literature study method to collect and analyze relevant sources. The results show that Pancasila education plays a role in building students' character based on Pancasila values, such as mutual cooperation, social justice, and respect for humanity. Pancasila education is also expected to overcome the challenges of globalization that can threaten the preservation of local culture and national identity. In conclusion, Pancasila education in higher education strengthens Indonesia's national identity by instilling the values of multiculturalism, tolerance, and the spirit of unity in diversity, which are relevant in the era of globalization

CITIZENSHIP PROJECT AS A COLLABORATIVE-PARTICIPATORY LEARNING MODEL IN THE LEARNING OF CIVICS EDUCATION COURSES IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Hanafi Hanafi

This study aims to provide an overview of the syntax (learning stages) and explore the advantages of the citizenship project learning model as a means to enhance students' collaborative spirit and participation in implementing the theoretical substance of learning in Civic Education courses at universities. This learning model prioritizes students to be able to apply their knowledge, attitudes, and skills in real life through direct involvement in community, national, and state life. The benefits of this research can be used as a learning tool that can prioritize and hone critical thinking skills, find alternative solutions, so that it is hoped that they can solve problems in a collaborative-participatory manner in the context of citizenship. This research is a qualitative study using descriptive research. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interview, and documentation. The data analysis technique used refers to the qualitative data analysis approach of Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, as well as drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the study indicate that the collaborative-participatory learning model through the implementation of citizenship projects in learning civics courses in higher education is very relevant for students who are able to increase the spirit of collaboration and participation through direct involvement of students in real situations and are able to accommodate students' knowledge, understanding, attitudes and skills to be more useful for social, national and state life in the context of citizenship

The Role of Birth Certificates in the Population Administration System for Children in Indonesia

Putri Hafidati — 2025-08-04

Parents must record the birth of their child, as it is a legal requirement for citizens to have their births registered. By the applicable Law, this recording is carried out through a specific procedure and archived in a sheet that is then known as the "Birth Certificate". This birth certificate marks the beginning of a person's registration in the eyes of the Law in Indonesia. A child needs a status that is listed on a birth certificate, indicating that he is a legal child of parents whose names are also listed on the birth certificate. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the implementation of the policy of issuing Birth Certificates and the factors that are obstacles to the implementation of the policy of issuing Birth Certificates. This research method is normative because it is the starting point of existing legal regulations. Research Results: Many couples still do not have a marriage book (Nikah Siri). Marriage under the hand is still not recognized by formal Law because it is not recorded in the KUA or Civil Registry. Not recording the marriage will have an impact on the status of the child, because it will be considered a child out of wedlock, meaning that the child does not have a legal relationship with his father. Children resulting from serial marriages or outside of legal marriage can indeed obtain a birth certificate

Restructuring the Criminal Warning Mechanism to Prioritize the Best Interests and Future of Children

Alyna Gabryella

The designation of a warning as the principal punishment in Article 72 of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System raises normative issues that conflict with the purpose of sentencing and the principle of the best interests of the child. This study employs a normative juridical method with a comparative approach, examining the procedure for issuing warning sanctions in Queensland, Australia. The analysis reveals that issuing warnings through a formal judicial process has the potential to cause psychological trauma and social stigma for children, thereby hindering their social reintegration. Consequently, there is a need to reconstruct the warning mechanism to be more oriented toward the best interests and future of children, while also strengthening legal protection for minors within Indonesia's criminal justice system.

The Success of Women Entrepreneur: Influence of Entrepreneurship Education, Access to Capital, Technology Adoption, Family Support, and Business Network

Joko Sangaji — 2025-08-04

This study aims to identify and analyze the influence of entrepreneurship education, access to capital, technology adoption, family support, and business networks on the success of MSMEs managed by women in urban areas of Indonesia. A quantitative approach was used with a descriptive and causal design. The sample consisted of 150–200 female entrepreneurs in the Jabodetabek, Bandung, and Surabaya areas, obtained through purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of the study are expected to provide theoretical and practical implications in supporting women's empowerment in the MSME sector.

An Examination of the law on consumer protection against counterfeit food products in Tanzania

Shakila Mushehe

Counterfeit food products pose significant risks to consumer health and safety in Tanzania. This article examines the existing legal framework aimed at protecting consumer against counterfeit and substandard food products. It critically analyses the effectiveness of the laws such as Fair Competition Act No. 8 of 2003, Merchandise Marks Act No.20 of 1963 and Standards Act No. 2 of 2009 and the role of regulatory bodies including Far Competition Commission, Tanzania Bureau of Standards, Consumer Advocacy Council, Minister of trade and industry, Fair Competition Tribunal and government agencies regulate specific food sector such as Cashew nuts Board, Sugar Industry Board and Director of fisheries. The article further discusses enforcement challenges and recommends measures to enhance consumer protection and ensure food safety.