A Corridor-Based Integration Model for Tourism Village Development in the Malang–Batu Tourism Corridor

Abstract

The Malang–Batu corridor is a high-volume tourism system in East Java, but economic benefits remain concentrated in large commercial attractions while tourism villages operate as fragmented peripheral destinations. This study formulates a corridor-based integration model that combines smart tourism, community-based tourism (CBT), environmental protection, and cross-regional governance. A mixed-methods design was applied across five tourism-village loci representing gateway, magnet, and buffer functions. Data comprised a survey of 400 tourists, stakeholder interviews, hexahelix focus-group discussions, structured observation, policy documents, spatial data, and village plans. Analysis used GIS overlay, a Tourism Village Readiness Index, GAP and SWOT–IFAS/EFAS analysis, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Three integration barriers were identified: cross-administrative policy divergence, LP2B conversion of 3.2% per year against a 1.5% spatial-plan threshold, and a digital divide affecting 39.7% of surveyed tourists. Economic leakage occurred through supply chains (45–55%), accommodation (IDR 200,000–400,000 per tourist per night), and external asset ownership. The corridor was positioned in Quadrant I (X = 0.92; Y = 0.85). AHP prioritized collective partnerships and local cooperatives (0.1415), followed by a tri-regional joint BUMD and joint regulation (0.1305). The proposed Chain Tourism Corridor model assigns gateway, core, and explorer functions to destination nodes and links them through integrated information, visitor, and benefit flows. The model indicates that governance and distributive equity must precede large-scale physical and digital investment.